A Raisin In The Sun Analysis Essay Example For Students

A Raisin In The Sun Analysis Essay Outline1 Introduction2 The Dreams of Black People3 The Conflict of Lofty Dreams4 Dreaming through the eyes of everyone.5 Conclusion Presentation A Raisin in the Sun uncovers that the story is about The Youngers, a dark American family. The leader of this family, Mr. More youthful has kicked the bucket and the protection cash of 10,000 USD is because of his family. The near characters investigation in look into papers of every persona shows that they have their fantasies which they mean to acknowledge and don't share each other’s dreams. In this way, they are separated on how the cash ought to be spent. The fantasy of Mama is to construct a house, that of Walter is to put into an alcohol organization and the Beneathea’s is to put resources into her clinical training while she additionally harbors fantasies about discovering her character in Africa. The fantasy of Walters spouse is equivalent to the fantasy of Mama which is to guarantee they have an increasingly agreeable home. The Dreams of Black People Beneatha Younger was a boisterous, insightful, and new mouthed lady, her fantasy was to be a specialist and to by one way or another raise her kin up. At the point when Mama put in a safe spot the cash for Beneathas training, Beneatha accepted that her fantasy would be figured it out. At the point when the cash was found to be lost, she thought her fantasy exploded in smoke. This fantasy wasnt the mission that she was expected to do however, her journey was to locate her African side and to associate with it. Beneatha began to satisfy this by conversing with Asagai (a man from Africa). She let him know, Mr. Asagai-I need each a lot to converse with you. About Africa. Mr. Aasagai, I am searching for my personality. Asagai turned into a connect to Africa for Beneatha, a manual for her family line/roots. In Act II, Beneatha shows how she has associated with her African roots by doing a stately move and by trimming her hair so it would normal. In Act III, Beneatha has the chance to assoc iate more with her underlying foundations when Asagai proposes to her. He needs her to go with him back to Africa so she can rehearse medication over yonder. This would be the satisfaction of Beneathas mission, in addition to the fact that she brings out her African culture, yet she additionally will return and live it. Beneatha likewise drew out the African in others also. At the point when Walter strolled in alcoholic, he started to communicate as he thinks back to the past. Walter had his own journeys too. Walter was a significant character in this book, he had the absolute greatest dreams and the most aspiration to satisfy those. Walters dream was to have an office and to be fruitful. He needed to have a cultivator and he needed to have the option to send his child to any school that he needed. Walters journey was to take care of business, a man can be trusted and a man who stands up notwithstanding affliction. Toward the finish of Act II Scene I, Walter tells Mama, What you need me to state you done well for? You the leader of this family. Walter wont grow up until he has the responsibilty of being leader of the family, however Mama entrusts this to him later. It aint much, however its all I got on the planet and Im placing it in your grasp. Im advising you to be the leader of this family fro now on like you expected to be, Mama told Walter in Act II Scene II. This was the defining moment for Walter, presently Walter was depended to settle on the choices for the family. His masculini ty was additionally put down however, particularly after he lost the cash. That isn't a man. That is only a toothless rodent. Beneatha said this after Walter lost the cash, yet this likewise stripped Walters new masculinity away. It wasnt even created and it was at that point gone. Walters mission was satisfied however, toward the finish of Act III he persevered against Mr. Lindner and chosen to move. Mom stated, He at last come into his masculinity today, didnt he? Sort of like a rainbow after the downpour. Walter discovered his spine and turned into a man, some portion of Mamas mission. Understudies and School Uniforms EssayMamas dream was to have her very own place with a little nursery for blossoms. She was the matron of the family, after her better half passed on she was the person who needed to take care of the prosperity of the family. It was Mamas occupation to settle on the choices and to ensure that everybody grew up accurately. Moms mission was to pass at work of leader of the family on to Walter and to ensure that he was prepared for it. At the point when Mama endowed the cash to Walter, she enabled him to settle on the choices for the family. This was half of her journey, the other half was satisfied when Walter turned into a man and chose to move to Clybourne Park. Clybourne Park was a white neighborhood however it was the most moderate for the family. Mom had utilized $3,500 for an initial installment on the house, yet when Walter lost the cash the idea of moving was sketchy. It was Walters choice to move or not, and he did. He crossed into masculinity by then, therefore satisfying the remainder of Mamas journey. These characters all had different journeys/objectives that were very surprising from their fantasies. These missions were satisfied or were near being satisfied toward the finish of Act III. Beneathas dream was to turn into a specialist yet her journey was to connect with her African roots. Toward the finish of the book she had made her hair characteristic, played out a stately move, and was offered the opportunity to go to Africa and practice medication there. Walters dream was to be effective however his mission was to take care of business, leader of the family unit. He became leader of the family unit when Mama offered it to him and he really turned into a man when he held fast and chose to move to Clybourne Park. Mothers dream was to claim a house with a graden however her journey was to pass the job of leader of the family to Walter and to ensure he turned into a man. Mother passed the job when she gave him the cash and toward the finish of Act III she was pushing Walter to se ttle on the correct choice. Every one of these characters had a fantasy, yet they additionally had a mission to satisfy a street to travel. The fantasies may have been conceded, however the journeys were the things that truly made a difference.

Book Analysis Evironmantalism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Book Analysis Evironmantalism - Essay Example Richard white view on environmentalism is that nature can act multipurpose to accommodate individuals. This is clear by the way that people get food from the Columbian waterway and they create hydroelectric force from the stream. His view is the division of nature into various parts to expand profitability and improves advancement from nature. Richard White has obviously tended to with people controlling nature to benefit them, there are numerous results went with it. A few people start wars asserting they own specific pieces of nature and this emits to social and political wars. This apparent when the a few people in Colombia attempted to redirect the course of the waterway to suit their social and political intrigue. This sort of activities brings about battles and restrictions about specific types of nature. These battles show that people are battling and guaranteeing something they have not made and they don't have full privileges of that common asset. Richard unsafely underlines that what should happen didn't occur in agreement to nature. Richard’s ecological idea is that people can get all types of vitality from nature and use it for improvement purposes. This is stressed through the age of hydroelectric force for power, and the salmon fish that give calories to individuals. He contends that the normal assets can give the required vitality really taking shape of political and money related choices that will improve the formative process3. Richard white tends to the disasters of people of attempting to over control nature. With a point of getting benefits from nature, individuals have attempted to overwhelm nature, which isn't commonsense. This has brought about clashes among nature and people, as nature isn't prepared to comply with man’s thoughts. Both nature and human starts wind up turning out to be failures since they can't interface. This is on the grounds that people are attempting to isolate nature in order to augmenting benefit along these lines overlooking the social qualities that ought to be maintained. Edward Abbeys Form of Environmentalist Edward Abbey’s type of earthy person is one that advocates for the conservation and insurance of the earth and regular assets. This is tended to by how the writer brings out characters that are prepared to shield a desert from the misuse of developers.4 The characters in this book are in the move of halting designers particularly the individuals who are in development regions. These characters are halting street structures by decimating the types of gear engaged with the development of streets. Edward is upholding for the safeguarding and protection of the earth. The writer has for all intents and purposes indicated how he is prepared to secure nature completely. He is in the crusade of torching bulletins that are promoting development undertakings, and he purposefully undermines the pieces of machinery that are building streets in the mission of ensuring the eart h. Edward Abbey filled in as a woodland drifter whose fundamental point was the insurance of the earth and the protection of normal assets.

Digital Clutter Is Different from Physical Clutter

Digital Clutter Is Different from Physical Clutter Digital clutter isn’t as problematic as physical clutter. Don’t think so? Try to move 2,000 books to a new residence. Box up the physical books, taking them off their shelves one by one, labeling each box with its appropriate label (Self-help, Literary Fiction, Cambodian Interpretive Dance, etc.); and then carry them to your vehicle, box by box, being careful not to drop them; and then haul them to your new home, carry them inside, carefully unpack each box, and re-shelve each individual book until every last book is (sort of) back where it was before you started this tedious exercise. Then, next time you move, grab your Kindle with all 2,000 titles instead, toss it in your bag, and be on your way. One method is obviously easier. We’ve done both. Joshua threw his back out (literally) while going through the first exercise; shockingly, the Kindle exercise didn’t have the same savage effect. That said, digital clutter is still a significant issue. At The Minimalists, we advocate digitizing your physical items whenever you canâ€"especially those old CDs, DVDs, photos, and files of paperwork you hardly ever need. Digitally storing these things is a monumental first step, but we also recommend constantly paring down your digital “stuff”  as well: it’s important to keep your email inbox, your files, your music, and your collection of cat videos organized to save you time. It’s equally important to get rid of files you no longer need. We use “the last six months” : if we haven’t needed something in the last six monthsâ€"saved documents, old college papers, Ryan’s “special”  recipe for Rice Crispy Treatsâ€"we get rid of it. We do this twice a year; it takes less than an hour each time. As with any rule, there are exceptionsâ€"tax records should be kept for seven years (or longer, depending on where you live)â€"but exceptions like these are few. As for pictures, you needn’t delete any photos: you can scan them and use them every day if you have a digital picture frame. You might be addressing your physical clutter, which is great. But when’s the last time you purged your digital clutter? Read this essay and 150 others in our new book, Essential.

The History of Coca-Cola and John Pemberton

In May 1886, Coca-Cola was invented by Doctor John Pemberton, a pharmacist from Atlanta, Georgia. According to the Coca-Cola Company, Pemberton developed the syrup for the famed beverage, which was sampled at the local Jacobs Pharmacy and deemed to be excellent. The syrup was combined with carbonated water to create a new Delicious and Refreshing drink. Pemberton concocted the famed Coca-Cola formula in a three-legged brass kettle in his backyard.   Birth of Coca-Cola The name of Coca-Cola was a suggestion given by Pembertons bookkeeper Frank Robinson. As the recipe for the syrup called for coca leaf extract and caffeine from the kola nut, the name Coca Kola was easy to come up with. However, Robinson, who was known for having excellent penmanship, thought that using two Cs in the name would look striking in advertising. As such kola became cola, and the brand name was born. Robinson can also be credited with creating the first scripted Coca-Cola using the flowing letters that serve as the famous logo of today. The soft drink was first sold to the public at the soda fountain in Jacobs Pharmacy in Atlanta on May 8, 1886. About nine servings of the soft drink were sold each day. Sales for that first year added up to a total of about $50. The first year of business wasnt much of a success, though, as it cost Pemberton over $70 in expenses to create the drink, resulting in a loss. Asa Candler In 1887, another Atlanta pharmacist and businessman, Asa Candler, bought the formula for Coca-Cola from  Pemberton for $2,300. Unfortunately, Pemberton died just a few years later. By the late 1890s, Coca-Cola was one of Americas most popular fountain drinks, largely due to Candlers aggressive marketing of the product. With Candler now at the helm, the Coca-Cola Company increased syrup sales by over 4,000 percent between 1890 and 1900. While the Coca-Cola Company denies this claim, historical evidence shows that it is likely that, until 1905, the soft drink, which was marketed as a tonic, contained extracts of cocaine as well as the caffeine-rich kola nut. While cocaine wasnt considered illegal until 1914, according to Live Science,  Candler began removing cocaine from the recipe in the early 1900s, and traces of cocaine may have been present in the famous beverage until 1929 when scientists were able to  perfect the removal of  all psychoactive elements from the coca-leaf extract. Advertising was an important factor in the successful sales of Coca-Cola, and by the turn of the century, the drink was sold across the United States and Canada. Around the same time, the company began selling syrup to independent bottling companies licensed to sell the drink. Even today, the U.S. soft drink industry is organized on this principle. Death of the Soda Fountain; Rise of the Bottling Industry Until the 1960s, both small-town and big-city dwellers enjoyed carbonated beverages at the local soda fountain or ice cream saloon. Often housed in the drugstore, the soda fountain counter served as a meeting place for people of all ages. Often combined with lunch counters, the soda fountain declined in popularity as commercial ice cream, bottled soft drinks, and fast-food restaurants became popular. The Birth and Death of New Coke On April 23, 1985, the trade secret New Coke formula was launched in response to declining sales thanks to an increasingly competitive cola market.  However, the new recipe was considered a failure. Coca-Cola fans had a negative, some say hostile, reaction to the new recipe, and within three months, the original cola that captured the hearts and tastebuds of the public returned. The return of the original cola taste came with new branding of Coca-Cola Classic. New Coke remained on the shelves, and in 1992 was rebranded Coke II, before finally being discontinued in 2002. As of 2017, Coca-Cola is a publicly-traded Fortune 500 company with more than $41.3 billion in annual revenue. The company has a workforce of 146,200 employees, and  its products are consumed at a rate of more than one billion drinks per day. Advertising Efforts: Id Like to Buy the World a Coke In 1969, The Coca-Cola Company and its advertising agency, McCann-Erickson, ended their popular Things Go Better With Coke campaign, replacing it with a campaign that centered on the slogan Its the Real Thing. Beginning with a hit song, the new campaign featured what proved to be one of the most popular ads ever created. The song Id Like to Buy the World a Coke was the brainchild of Bill Backer, the creative director on the Coca-Cola As he explained to songwriters Billy Davis and Roger Cook, I could see and hear a song that treated the whole world as if it were a person — a person the singer would like to help and get to know. Im not sure how the lyric should start, but I know the last line. With that he pulled out the paper napkin on which he had scribbled the line, Id like to buy the world a Coke and keep it company. On February 12, 1971, Id Like to Buy the World a Coke was shipped to radio stations throughout the United States. It promptly flopped. The Coca-Cola bottlers hated the ad and most refused to buy airtime for it. The few times the ad was played, the public paid no attention. Backer persuaded McCann to convince Coca-Cola executives that the ad was still viable but needed a visual dimension. The company eventually approved more than $250,000 for filming, at the time one of the largest budgets ever devoted to a television commercial. A Commercial Success The television ad Id Like to Buy the World a Coke was released in the United States in July 1971 and the response was immediate and dramatic. By November of that year, Coca-Cola and its bottlers had received more than 100,000 letters about the ad. Demand for the song was so great, many people called radio stations and asked deejays to play the commercial. Id Like to Buy the World a Coke made a lasting connection with the viewing public. Advertising surveys consistently identify it as one of the best commercials of all time, and the sheet music continues to sell more than 30  years after the song was written. A tribute to the success of the campaign, the commercial resurfaced over 40 years after it first launched, making an appearance in the finale of the hit TV show Mad Men in 2015.

Analysis of a Relationship Essay - 1304 Words

Fairy tales tell us that once upon a time a girl met a boy; they fell in love, and lived happily ever after. Reality is not that simple. Long-term relationships force couples to get to know each other, involve themselves in each others’ worlds, fight through the hard times, and eventually develop deeper connections as noted through distinctive stages of Knapp’s relationship model. Although I have dated the same person for over two years, our communication through relationship stages makes it seem as though I am now dating a different person than the one I met years ago. Following dissolution and subsequent repair, I realize the most exhilarating of roller coaster rides develop through sets of ups and downs, much like the†¦show more content†¦We only wanted to spend time with each other, making social relationships outside ours difficult. Spending so much time together brought our first conflicts. I soon learned topical boundaries when bringing up other guys or discussing our different religions made John angry and uncomfortable. Conversations ended abruptly and we did not revisit the sensitive topics until much later. As our relationship moved beyond involvement, his protective instincts overpowered everything. I initially welcomed this protection as a sign of caring since I always wanted a boyfriend to protect me from conflict, just like in the movies. However, this overprotective trend stifled me whenever my communications with another guy made John jealous and upset. He tested my feelings for him by manipulating guilt when I looked in the direction of another guy, for whatever reason. At the time, I ignored his jealousy because my strong feelings for him overshadowed my needs as an individual. Looking back, I realize our involvement intensified throughout this period of our relationship, for better and worse. John evolved into my best friend and, wrapping myself in his world, I disregarded the importance of my core group of friends. We reached interpersonal commitment and all of my time belonged to John. We went to events and hung out according to his time frame, with little consideration for my needs. All John said was â€Å"no, I don’t want to do that,† and I respected his decision. LookingShow MoreRelatedRelationship Analysis2354 Words   |  10 PagesApril 24, 2013 Relationship Analysis Project Relationships are the things that make human beings, which brings sense to life if these relationships make you feel happy or takes the desire to live away if these relationships are like a stone at your neck. From relationships, the whole fate of the person is determined. If he or she has pleasant relationships at work, in his or her family, in private life, such a person is considered to be happy. 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Hazel Free Essays

string(41) " during the vows Christ becomes present\." Where did the ritual take place? Villa Maria College Chapel, Christopher, New Zealand 2. Why did you choose this location? I went to school at Villa Maria College and I had an affiliation with the location. I liked the quaint, small size of the chapel where the guests felt closeness to the wedding ritual. We will write a custom essay sample on Hazel or any similar topic only for you Order Now I chose a Catholic chapel due to Roman Catholic being my religion. 3. What symbols were used in the ritual? What significance did they have? Rings- Symbolism our everlasting love that we bound as one, wedding dress- white homebodies my purity and is a tradition. . How were these symbols Important In the ritual for you? The rings symbolized for me our love and commitment for the rest of our lives, they were important as we picked them together. The wedding dress was special to me as it was white, it made me feel beautiful and it was traditional. I chose a traditional wedding dress, as it is apart of the Christian ritual. 5. What was the purpose of the ritual for you? Because for us, It was a commitment for the rest of our lives and It meant that we would raise children In the Catholic community. It also expressed our everlasting love for each other. 6. In your opinion, what was the climax of the ritual? When we said our vows and exchanged rings. 7. Did you have to do anything Involved with the ritual before the ceremony? Engagement, apply for a certificate of marriage, planning the ceremony. 8. Did you have to anything involved with the ritual after the ceremony? Honeymoon. 9. Which parts of the ritual were most special to you? The exchanging of rings and vows was most Important to me. Also, In the ceremony my mother sung, â€Å"Love changes everything† by Michael Crawford because It was meeting that she loves to do and it was special as it played an important part of the ceremony. 0. How did the ritual change you as a person? I changed my social status and there felt a real deference between living together 1 1 . Who attended the ritual? The wedding party, family and close friends. 12. What roles did the participants play? My mother sung as said previously and my mother in law and close friend said a reading at the ceremony . My close friend was a bridesmaid and my brother in law was the best man. My nieces were flower girls and nephew was ring bearer. 13. How was the community involved in the ritual? The Villa Maria College nuns that lived next to the chapel, helped to prepare the chapel for the ceremony. 14. What features in the ritual displayed your religion? The bible where the readings were from, the prayers of the faithful and the hymns. One reading I chose was Corinthians 13: 4-7 as it displays what real love is like. ORAL Good morning, my name is Hazel Faulkner and today I will discuss a rite of passage, marriage, from the variant Roman Catholic. A ritual is a ceremony that involves different actions, symbols and writings which are performed according to a set order. Rituals are apart of everyday life and can even be as simple as a morning routine. Religious rituals are important as they help adherents connect with their deity. A rite of passage is a ceremony or event that marks a change or transition in someone’s life from one phase to another. They include birth, adolescence, marriage and death. Over the years, scholars of religion have provided ways to analyses rituals. For example, Arnold Van Genes argued that a rite of passage involves three stages: pre-lamina, lamina and post-lamina. Sacred refers to the adherent being connected o or dedicated to their deity. Profane or secular is the opposite of sacred, it means something or someone is not concerned with religion. Marriage is a rite of passage and getting married is an important part of Christians lives. Marriage is a life long commitment between husband and wife made in the presence of God. Catholics generally have a Nuptial Mass which involves Eucharist and takes place in a church. The transition in marriage is being single to becoming one with your bride or groom. Catholic marriage fits most appropriately into Van Genie’s model and Love’s five-step approach. The difference between a marriage and a wedding is that the marriage is the life long commitment where as a wedding For the investigation of a Catholic marriage the interviewee was my mother, Sue Faulkner. Her role in the rite of passage was the bride. Some of the questions asked were where did the ritual take place, what symbols were used, what significance did they have and what was the climax of the ritual. The interviewee’s marriage took place at Villa Maria Chapel in Christopher, New Zealand. The questions helped to find useful information on the ritual and to discover an individuals view on marriage. A Catholic marriage has a clear structure. The first main element of a Catholic wedding is the wedding procession. It includes the bride walking down the aisle either by herself or with one or both of her parents as well as the wedding party. The symbolism of this element is the beginning of a change of status and new life. Another element includes the readings from the Old Testament and New Testament. The purpose of the readings is to outline the importance of a Catholic tradition and make the presence of God in the marriage clear. The declaration of intention is also an important part of the wedding. This stage outlines the promises of commitment to each other throughout the struggles in marriage. The blessing of rings and exchanging of vows is often seen as the most important part of the wedding as the couple expresses the love they shares for each other and the vows symbolism commitment. Christians believe during the vows Christ becomes present. You read "Hazel" in category "Papers" My interviewee saw this element as the climax of the ritual. The pronouncement of marriage is the stage where the change in status is almost completed. The signing of the register is a formal and legal recognition of the marriage and completes the stage f status for the couple. The recession concludes the ritual ceremony, thus the change of status is final. As stated before, marriage suitably fits into Van Genie’s model. He argued that there were three stages of a rite of passage, one being pre-lamina. The pre-lamina stage is the first stage in a rite of passage. It involves the separation from the couple’s previous life. In a Catholic Marriage, the pre-lamina stage involves the bridal procession as it marks a beginning of a new status for the bride. It also involves the declaration of purpose where the priest outlines the significance of marriage and its repose in a Catholic context. The lamina stage involves transitioning from one stage to another and is often seen as the most important stage. The lamina stage in a Catholic marriage takes place after the giving away of the bride to the end of the exchanging of rings. The blessing of rings and exchanging of vows physically marks the change in status and transition. The post lamina stage in a Catholic marriage is the reincorporation stage where the couple is now ready to enter society with their new status. The post lamina stage in a Catholic marriage would include the signing of the register where the couple omelets their change in status and the recession where their change in status is Another model that is suitable to show and explain the structure of the ritual is Love’s five-step approach. The model includes five steps, the first being the entry in which the participant leaves the ordinary world and enters the ritual. In a Catholic marriage this would include the proposal and declaration. The couple is now engaged and candidates for marriage. The second step is called the â€Å"preparation† in which the couple is involved in some sort of preparatory rite. This would include pre- Raritan counseling. The third is the climax of the ritual, which is the central, or highpoint of the ritual. In a marriage ceremony, the climax would be the exchanging of rings and vows. My interviewee agreed with this. The forth step includes the celebration which would be the wedding reception and the fifth step is called the â€Å"return† where the participants (bride and groom) leave the ritual and return to the ordinary world. The marriage ceremony marks separation from the ordinary or profane for the couple. The declaration of the couple as ‘husband’ and Wife’ displays that they are prepared from the community as they are now married. One element in a Catholic wedding which reinforces doctrinal teachings, is the readings. A common reading used is Psalm 103:8 which is a responsible psalm. â€Å"The Lord is compassionate and gracious, slow to anger, abounding in love. † The message of the psalm is that the Lord is kind and merciful. The four major rites of passages are birth, adolescence, marriage and death. These passages will happen whether or not they are acknowledged with a ritual. Although, Christians choose to mark them with a special ceremony as they are important ruinations in people’s lives. The models by Van Genes, Turner and Loved are important as they help to break down rites of passages to better understand them. Catholic Marriage fits best into Van Genie’s model as well as Love’s. Marriage is important to Catholics as it promotes the same love that exists in the Holy Trinity and for the procreation of life, another aspect that mirrors the Trinity. Marriage creates a union between spouses. It is a sacrament and an institution created by God. B. WRITTEN SUBMISSION This investigation has helped to expand my knowledge on rituals, rites of passage ND marriage. I learnt that a ritual can be as simple as a morning routine and that there are many varieties of a ritual. Before the investigation, I had only a brief understanding of the models. The investigation helped to develop my knowledge on the particular models by Van Genes and Loved. The models helped me also to better the pre-lamina stage (separation), lamina stage (transition), and post-lamina stage (reincorporation). Love’s model involves five steps: the entry, preparation, climax, celebration and return. These models are not only used for Christian rituals but for tails of any religion. The Buddhist view of marriage is considered a secular affair and is not seen as a religious duty. Buddhism marriage is a personal and social obligation. In Islam, marriage is a legal contract and the religion is a strong advocate for marriage. Referring to Hinduism, Hindus view marriage as a sacrament. They have similar views as Christianity in terms of marriage, believing that marriage is a union and Joins two individuals for life. Judaism also has similar views as marriage is viewed as a bond commanded by God in which a man and woman come together to create a legislations in which God is involved. Also, Jewish married couples are traditionally expected to have children. Australia is a multicultural society and therefore, we have a variety of different religions such as Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, Hinduism and Judaism and many others, which are continually developing in Australian society. This means marriage ceremonies in Australia significantly differ depending on the religion. The participant’s culture may be expressed through clothing or music. My interviewee’s wedding did not take place in Australia but New Zealand. Australia ND New Zealand are very similar thus my interviewee’s wedding did not significantly differ from a traditional Australian wedding. In an Aboriginal marriage ceremony, couples are commonly involved in a traditional smoking ceremony which makes the couple feel cleansed and free, going into the marriage with no bad spirits to bring them bad luck and it is also performed to create a lifelong bond between the couple. Marriage in Aboriginal societies is complicated and has puzzled anthropologists for centuries. In a Catholic marriage, the most important or common symbol is the rings. The rings present a never-ending circle of eternal love. They also represent the union and commitment of the couple. Other marriage symbols include the veil, wedding bells, the wedding dress and the bible. Marriage successfully draws participants beyond the ordinary and into the transcendent as it is does not Just simply include the man and woman being in love. It is something larger in which the partners have a special ceremony which expresses the very meaning of their life together. Even though the institution of marriage that binds the couple together is invisible actions such as the stating the vows and exchanging of rings expresses the love and union. Although my speech mostly discusses the wedding ceremony, the preparation of the doesn’t Just involve getting the wedding dress, flowers, rings etc. Couples are encouraged to attend pre-marital counseling which helps them prepare for marriage. After the couple is officially married, they may decide to go on a honeymoon. Also, the couple may decide that they want to have children, as marriage is essentially the ideal foundation for the making of children. The investigation was interesting yet difficult at times. The most challenging part of he investigation was finding what the pre-lamina, lamina and post-lamina stages of a Catholic wedding are. Information on the internet told me that pre-lamina stage of a Catholic wedding is the engagement, lamina is the ceremony and post-lamina is the honeymoon. However, I wanted to find the stages in the specific ceremony, as it was my main focus. The investigation helped me to better understand the concept of a ritual and a wedding ritual. Bibliography Austere, L, What is transcendence and why does it matter? How to cite Hazel, Papers

Discuss Social/Psychological Explanations Given For Schizophrenia Essa

Discuss Social/Psychological Explanations Given For Schizophrenia Page 255 Question 4 (a) and (b) DESCRIBE ANY ONE MENTAL DISORDER. DISCUSS SOCIAL/PSYCHOLOGICAL EXPLANATIONS GIVEN FOR THIS DISORDER. SCHIZOPHRENIA Schizophrenia is a serious psychotic disorder that is characterised by a loss of contact with reality. Kraepelin in 1902 originally called schizophrenia Dementia Praecox which is a senility of youth. He believed that the typical symptoms were due to a form of mental deterioration which began in adolescence. Symptoms are mainly disturbances of thought processes but also extend to disturbances of behaviour and emotion. There are two traditional symptom categories of schizophrenia. Acute schizophrenia is classified as type one, as a functional disorder which has positive symptoms such as hallucinations and delusions. Chronic schizophrenia is classified as type two, as an organic disorder which has negative symptoms such as apathy and withdrawal. These two main symptom categories have been abandoned by DSM-IV, which is the latest version of the American manual for all mental disorders, symptoms and possible treatments. Schizophrenia is now classified into three main subtypes, paranoid in which the person is less disturbed, disorganised or hebephrenic which is what most people associate schizophrenia as, and catatonic which is the most serious of the three. In paranoid schizophrenia the person may have delusions of grandeur which is when they believe they are someone famous or grand for example The Messiah or Elvis, or when they believe they posses magical powers. Delusions of persecution is another symptom. This is when they believe that others are plotting against them, they are being spied upon, talked about or being deliberately victimised. Paranoid schizophrenia sufferers may also have auditory hallucinations which are voices heard in the absence of external stimuli which are often critical, warning them of danger or giving them commands. Slater and Roth in 1969 regarded hallucinations as the least important of all the symptoms because they are not exclusive to schizophrenia. In paranoid schizophrenia the personality is better preserved than in the other two kinds. It is a type one, functional, acute and positive type of schizophrenia. Disorganised schizophrenia typically makes a gradual appearance between the ages of twenty and twenty-five. The hebephrenic will display the symptoms of paranoid schizophrenia as well as disorganised behaviour and speech. The person may have severe disruption in the ability to perform everyday living activities such as showering, dressing themselves and preparing and cooking meals. They may speak inappropriately and say things that do not make any sense and are in a confusing order. Inappropriate behaviour may also be shown for example they might laugh when they are being told terrible news. They may have flat emotions, where no emotional response is shown. Their eyes are lifeless ,their speech is toneless and emotionless and they look like they are staring at nothing particular, into space. Their behaviour is out of context. The disorganised type is in-between the traditional classifications of positive and negative symptoms. Catatonic schizophrenia includes the symptoms of paranoid and disorganised schizophrenia along with some more serious symptoms, and is a type two, negative and chronic. The schizophrenic may show apathy which is the lack of interest in normal goals, the loss of drive when they feel drained of energy, tired and are unable to continue with things they have begun. Cataleptic stupor is also a symptom where the person stands motionless or in bizarre postures, like a statue. Excessive motor activity is common when they move in odd and disturbing ways, sudden movement which appears purposeless and is not implicated by external stimuli. The person may also repeatedly echo words spoken by others, or the accentuated imitation of the mannerisms of other people. This is called echolalia. Although schizophrenia was originally called the senility of youth by Kraepelin, Bleuler in 1911 observed that many patients displaying these symptoms did not go on deteriorating and theta illness often begins much later than adolescence. He then called the illness schizophrenia, meaning split mind or divided self in which the personality loses its unity. Genetic theorists study three areas in schizophrenia, family history, twins and adoption. The studies I have looked at show that people who have schizophrenic relatives are more likely to get the illness than the general public. Kendler et al's 1985 study shows that first degree relatives of those